learn about timings - Fixed time , period of time, relateive time in English
USING DIFFERENT TIME REFERENCES
Warm up:
1. What is the time now?
2. When did you last have a meal?
3. How long ago did you learn to write the English alphabet?
4. What did you do during the last holidays?
5. What are your plans for the next holiday?
TIME PERCEPTION
We most often perceive time as finite and refer all events and
actions either within a duration or period of time, or as a fixed
time or point in time, or even in relation to or proportionate with
another period or point in time.
e.g.
1) Fixed time:
a) She is celebrating her birthday on Tuesday, the twentieth of
this month.
b) I’ll meet you at lunch-time in the office.
c) India took the last wicket in the nick of time (just at the last
minute) and levelled the series against Australia.
2) Period of time:
a) When important foreign dignitaries visit our country the
security staff keep vigil round-the-clock (at all times of
day and night) till they leave the country.
b) He is always bullying me!
c) We’ve lived here since 1950.
3) Relative time:
a) I’ll wait here until you return.
b) Nowadays it is common to find families continually eating
out.
c) Time and again he has been caught chatting in the class
and each time he promises never again to do so.
Task 1:Read the words given below and find their meanings with
the help of a dictionary:
Fixed time : dawn (daybreak), evening (eventide) dusk, midday,
half-past/quarter to, at the stroke of the hour,
Christmas Eve, anniversary, bi-weekly, monthly,
fortnightly, millennial, 9/11 (with reference to the
attack on the World Trade Centre USA), daily
(occurring each day), everyday.
Period of time: afternoon, eternity, ……-break, age, era,
fortnight, lifelong, fiscal year, summer, decade,
millennium, during, all-day (lasting from
morning to evening), for good (permanently),
Friday, February, epoch, for ages (a long time).
Relative time : after, again, ahead of time (early), old, afterwards
(subsequently), soon, continuous, formerly,
before long, immediate, at the drop of a hat
(promptly), in a wink (at once), eventually
(finally) by-and-by (future) meanwhile, recently
(of late, lately) ancient, whensoever, time being,
timely, therewith, thereafter, thereto fore.
Task 2: Use the following words and phrases in sentences of your
own to bring out the meaning:
a) anniversary b) at the stroke of the hour
c) for the time-being d) life-long
e) throughout f) during
g) by-and-by h) formerly
i) ahead of time j) bedtime
k) recently l) for good
Task 4:Fill in the blanks with words / phrases of time reference:
We woke up ...... in the morning and set out at ........... for a
trek in the woods. We walked for almost an ........... and ...........
reached a little cottage. It looked ........... and uninhabited, but the
door was ajar so we walked in and stayed a ........... exploring the
rooms. ........... some time we decided to leave. At the door stood a
huge bear. Though trembling with fright, we ........... jumped out
through the window and dashed home ........... . ........... we ...........
dared go back to look at the cottage nor have we ever taken that route
on our ........... walks ...........
Read the passage on 'Malnutrition ':
A child is considered to be undernourished if it does not receive adequate nutrition (sufficient quantity and quality of food), which may result in the child being constantly hungry. It receives inappropriate food or beverages and is malnourished. The child may be seen as being undersized, having low weight and a sallow complexion, lacking body tone and being lethargic. May be it lacks adequate shelter and lives in housing that is unsafe and unsanitary.
Malnutrition may result in recurrent colds, pneumonia, tuberculosis, sunburn and other persistent skin disorders or rashes. Lack of hygiene may be yet another contributory factor for these health
disorders.
Task : Answer the following questions:
1. What do you understand by the term malnutrition?
2. Describe a malnourished child.
3. Do you think this condition is common in India? Why?
4. Are malnourished children immune to diseases?
5. What are the other contributory factors for malnutrition?
Mother : Let’s pack your trekking bag, shall we?
Tharun : Yes, let’s.
Mother : Don’t forget your trekking shoes, will you?
Tharun : No, I won’t.
Mother : Don’t talk to strangers, will you?
Tharun : No, I won’t.
Mother : Send grandma a postcard, won’t you?
Tharun : Yes, I’ll.
(Tharun is about to leave)
Mother : Wait a minute, can you?
Tharun : Yes, I can.
Mother : Take some home-made sweets. You must share it
with your friends. Won’t you?
Tharun : Yes, ma. Bye!
III. Fill in the columns below. Get guidance from your teacher
and refer to the dictionary.
Specialist/professional What he does
1. dentist treats the teeth
2. doctor
3. cardiologist
4. blacksmith
5. goldsmith
6. lawyer
7. banker
8. priest
9. plumber
Caring for animals
(Astudentcome late)
Teacher : Why are you late? Can’t you come on time?
Sudhan : Sorry, sir. I saw a tragic sight on my way to
school.
Teacher : Oh, what happened? Why is your shirt bloodstained?
Sudhan : Sir, a dog was lying on the road in a pool of
blood. It was hurt and groaning with pain. It must
have been hit by a vehicle. There was nobody
around.
Teacher : What did you do then?
Sudhan : I took it to the veterinary doctor. He nursed the
wounds and offered to take it to the Blue Cross.
Teacher : Very good, Sudhan. What you’ve done is a good
service. Children, be kind to animals. Do not
harm them
GREEN REVOLUTION
For many years after we got our independence, food
production went on decreasing steadily. This was mainly because
of drought and floods, and neglect of agriculture during the first
three Five - Year plan periods. Population also increased at a high
rate.
A great improvement was made in agriculture in 1967 - 68.
It is popularly known as the ‘Green Revolution’. The farmers now
follow new methods of farming. One such is the Japanese method
of cultivation. New high - yielding varieties of rice, wheat and
other grains have been developed in our Research Institutes.
These new strains need more water and more fertilisers than
the old ones. So, large irrigation facilities have been made. New
dams have been built and canals dug. Pump - sets have been erected
by the farmers for irrigation. Fertilisers are produced in factories
in large quantities. Tractors, harvesters, and threshers are also used.
All this has greatly increased food production in our country.
We no longer need to import food grain from foreign countries.
GREEN REVOLUTION
For many years after we got our independence, food
production went on decreasing steadily. This was mainly because
of drought and floods, and neglect of agriculture during the first
three Five - Year plan periods. Population also increased at a high
rate.
A great improvement was made in agriculture in 1967 - 68.
It is popularly known as the ‘Green Revolution’. The farmers now
follow new methods of farming. One such is the Japanese method
of cultivation. New high - yielding varieties of rice, wheat and
other grains have been developed in our Research Institutes.
These new strains need more water and more fertilisers than
the old ones. So, large irrigation facilities have been made. New
dams have been built and canals dug. Pump - sets have been erected
by the farmers for irrigation. Fertilisers are produced in factories
in large quantities. Tractors, harvesters, and threshers are also used.
All this has greatly increased food production in our country.
We no longer need to import food grain from foreign countries.
A monkey, a rabbit, a squirrel and a cat were
friends. One day, they went looking for food.
They saw a bungalow with a beautiful garden.
There were a lot of fruits.
“Today is a very lucky day for us!” said the
rabbit.
“I had no food yesterday. I am
going to eat quickly,” said the
monkey.
“Sh… Look there! A dog is watching us,"
said the squirrel.
“Shall we come here tomorrow?"
asked the cat.
“No! I want the fruit now," said the
monkey.
"Listen! We shall come back in the
evening," said the cat.
"Ok! Let's go!" said the monkey sadly.
"Wait friends!" said the squirrel softly.
He moved slowly and touched the dog gently. But
the dog did not move. It was sitting quietly. The
squirrel looked at the eyes carefully.
"Hey friends! It is not a dog. It is just a toy", he
shouted joyfully.
What next?
They ate their food happily.
(Mani meets John on his way back home)
Mani : Hello John! Where are you going?
John : I'm going to buy cakes. Do you like
cakes?
Mani : I prefer ice cream to cakes.
John : Do you like juice?
Mani : Yes. I like orange juice.
John : But I prefer apple juice to orange juice.
Mani : Do you like tea?
John : I prefer coffee to tea.
Mani : Come home. Let's have the best coffee.
John : Thank you. I'll come on a Sunday. Bye.
Mani : Bye.
Spell the words read them aloud and write them in your
copy book
window
aeroplane
watching
winner
noticed
hurry
terrace
upstairs
cycling
flower vase
reached
aimed
calendar
leap year
January
February
September
October
November
December
whistle
puppet
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
hundred
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Thirty days have September,
April, June and November.
All the rest have thirty one
Excepting February alone
Which has but twenty eight days clear
And twenty nine in each Leap Year.
Jothi : See the boy in red shirt.
He is running fast.
Jagan : Yes, he will be the winner.
Jothi : Have you noticed that boy?
Jagan : Who?
Jothi : The one in the blue shirt.
Jagan : Yes, he is clapping hands.
Jothi : Look there! An aeroplane.
Jagan : Let's hurry to the terrace.
(They both go upstairs to watch the aeroplane.)
Say right or wrong.
1. The children are walking.
2. The little boy is clapping his hands.
3. He is wearing a green shirt.
4. An aeroplane is flying above.
5. Jagan and Jothi run upstairs.
Reading Practice - Read the following diet plan and write down the contents in three complete meaningful paragraphs.
Diet Plan : Break Fast
Childhood 1 to 6 yrs : 1 glass of milk, 1 tricolour sandwich (mint chutney, tomato sauce/jam)/ 1 idili
Infants 6 to 12 yrs : Milk - 1 glass Cornflakes- 1bowl
Adolescents 12 to 16 yrs : Egg Sandwich- 1 (or) Cheese sandwitch - 1 Milk - 1glass.
Diet Plan : Mid Morning
Childhood 1 to 6 yrs : Biscuits of different shapes and colours
Infants 6 to 12 yrs : Fruit chaat -½ plate, Vadai- 2-3 pieces
Adolescents 12 to 16 yrs : Ladoo -I,1 Fruit (apple/orange/pearlsapota)
Diet Plan : Lunch
Childhood 1 to 6 yrs : 2 (chapatti rolled with vegetables) 1 Fruit apple/orange/pearl sapqta)/l cup rice &dhal with vegetables
Infants 6 to 12 yrs : Stuffed Paratha -3 Green leafy vegetables 1/2 cup Lassi - 1 glass
Adolescents 12 to 16 yrs : Roti- 3-4 vegetables I cup, Khichadi- 1 cup, Curd-I small bowl
Diet Plan : Evening
Childhood 1 to 6 yrs : 1 glass fruit milk shake, 1 snack
Infants 6 to 12 yrs : Bhel puri- 1plate, Fruit juice - 1 glass
Adolescents 12 to 16 yrs : Cold coffee with ice-cream-l glass
Diet Plan : Late
-Evening
Childhood 1 to 6 yrs : 2 pieces pea-nut candy
Infants 6 to 12 yrs : Tomato soup - 1 cup
Adolescents 12 to 16 yrs : Vegetarian spring rolls- 4 pieces
Diet Plan : Dinner
Childhood 1 to 6 yrs : 1 plate Khichadi, ½ cup curd, ½ cup vegetables, 1 papad
Infants 6 to 12 yrs : Mixed vegetable pulao - 1 plate, Boondi raita - 1/2 cup, Besan laddo - 1
Adolescents 12 to 16 yrs : Pav- 2 nos, Bhajji - 1½ cups. 1 Fruit (Apple/Orange/Pearl/Sapota)
Here we go round the mulberry bush,
the mulberry bush, the mulberry bush;
Here we go round the mulberry bush
Early in the morning.
This is the way I brush my teeth,
brush my teeth, brush my teeth;
This is the way I brush my teeth
Early in the morning
This is the way I have my bath
have my bath,have my bath;
This is the way I have my bath
Early in the morning.
This is the way I pray to God,
pray to God, pray to God;
This is the way I pray to God
Early in the morning.
This is the way I go to school,
go to school, go to school;
This is the way I go to school
Early in the morning.
Tring …. Tring ….. bicycle
This is the best vehicle!
It goes very fast,
At the cheapest cost!
It runs with manpower
Needs no fuel forever!
It neither harms the air
Nor the water that we care!
It’s a friend of Mother Earth
Let’s use it, to know its worth!
Say the work and ask the kids or children to spell it loudly.
throw
ride
swing
laugh
castle
shed
kennel
puppy
stable
foal
kid
lamb
kitten
lioness
mare
snail desk
kite rose
zebra crossing
danger
celebrate
pongal
sugarcane
banana
vegetable
greet
birthday
guitar
string
chase
The Sand Castle
Anitha and Priya were building a sand castle.
They cleaned the place around the castle.
Anitha put a flag at the top of the castle.
Priya placed some flower pots behind it.
They set an arch in front of the castle.
Their dog stood near them.
Some butterflies were flying above the flag.
"Girls, come home for tea!" Their mother called
them from the kitchen.
They ran towards their home.
Who was the castle guard?
Of course, their dog !
Clap clap, shut the door,
Clap clap, sweep the floor,
Clap clap, turn around,
Clap clap, touch the ground,
Clap clap, skip along,
Clap clap,sing a song.
Spell the words read them aloud and write them in your
copy book.
kind
green
bright
fresh
wing
smiling
herd
bunch
crowd
team
band
garden
ant van box wave
clouds
spoon
forest
snake
tusk
One day some ants were busy gathering food.
A dove was watching the ants. It spoke to an ant.
Dove : What are you doing?
Ant : We are gathering food.
Dove : You are always working.
Don't you ever play?
Ant : Work while you work,
play while you play.
Don't you know this?
A few weeks passed. It started raining. The dove
had no food. Look what it did
Dove : I am very hungry. Have you got some
food?
Parrot : I am sorry. I have no food. The crow
has lot of food. You can ask him.
Dove : Have you got anything to eat?
Crow : I have no food. My friends have eaten
all the food.
The dove came back to the ant - hill.
Dove : Can you give me some food?
Ant : Sure, I have enough food. I can give
you.
Dove : Thank you. How wise you are! I'll also
store food.
